Aspiration pneumonia occurs when food, liquid, saliva, or vomit is inhaled into the lungs, introducing bacteria that lead to infection. It is more common in people with impaired swallowing, altered consciousness, or conditions like stroke, dementia, or alcohol intoxication. Symptoms often include cough, fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, and sometimes foul-smelling sputum. Chest X-ray findings usually show infiltrates in dependent lung areas, such as the right lower lobe. Treatment requires antibiotics with anaerobic coverage, alongside supportive care and addressing the underlying risk factors to prevent recurrence.