Allergic rhinitis (AR), also called hay fever, is a condition that causes a stuffy or runny nose, sneezing, and itching due to an allergic reaction. It happens when tiny particles in the air—like pollen, pet dander, or dust mites—trigger the body’s immune system to overreact. When allergens enter the nose, the body’s defense system mistakenly sees them as harmful. This leads to the release of chemicals like histamine, which cause inflammation and allergy symptoms.
Treatment includes antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, decongestants, and allergen avoidance. In some cases, immunotherapy (allergy shots or tablets) may help reduce sensitivity over time.