A dental cavity, also called dental caries or tooth decay, develops when bacteria in dental plaque use sugars and starches to produce acids that gradually damage the tooth’s enamel. Early decay may cause no symptoms, but as it progresses, it can lead to sensitivity, toothache, discoloration, or a visible hole. Untreated decay may reach the tooth’s nerve, causing infection or an abscess. Treatment depends on severity and may include fluoride therapy, a filling, a crown, a root canal, or tooth extraction. Regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, dental visits, and limiting frequent sugary foods and drinks can reduce the risk.