Metformin is a first-line medication commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes. It works by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving the body’s sensitivity to insulin. Metformin is usually taken orally and is often well-tolerated, with the most common side effects being gastrointestinal, such as nausea or diarrhea. It does not typically cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) when used alone. In addition to controlling blood sugar levels, metformin may also offer benefits like modest weight loss and potential cardiovascular protection. It’s often used alone at first but can be combined with other diabetes medications if needed.